己内酰胺生产废水处理技术

采用ENSBR-BDAR-BCOR工艺处理某化纤公司高含氮己内酰胺生产废水,在污泥负荷为0.15～0.28g/(g·d)、进水COD不高于6200mg/L、NH3-N质量浓度不高于560mg/L的情况下,出水COD不高于150mg/L、NH3-N质量浓度不高于20mg/L,COD和NH3-N的去除率分别达到98%和96%,系统可同时除碳脱氮。     

Optical and Chemical Methods of Metal Ash Analysis and Tin Recovery

‘Metal ash’ presents a waste disposal problem in most of the developing countries as the industries employ obsolete technologies. In this paper we describe analysis of tin ash, zinc ash and aluminium ash by means of optical methods, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), electron probe micro analysis (EPMA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and chemical methods. The results of tin ash obtained by XRD method matched well with the cassiterite, a naturally occurring mineral of tin. ICP-MS studies reveal the presence of a large number of tracer metals, which may cause pollution by tertiary dispersion and this aspect is discussed. Conversely, the data generated by chemical methods are limited. However, the methods are simple and cost-effective. Then, they can easily be adopted by low-budget industries. Simple and cost-effective process to recover tin from tin ash is described. It is based on heating tin ash with sodium cyanide to about 900°C to separate tin component from the metal ash. The process recovers good quality tin and offers a very high yield. The process can be scaled up to small pilot plant.     

强酸型离子交换纤维富集-火焰原子吸收测定水中痕量铜、铅、镉、镍

通过强酸型离子交换纤维柱,在同一水样中同时富集和洗脱了铜、铅、镉、镍,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定,并对富集条件及洗脱条件、干扰因素进行了探讨。该方法简便易行,回收率在96.1%~105.5%之间,测定的相对标准偏差小于5.0%。     

活性炭纤维复合材料的脱硫性能

本实验以粘胶基活性炭纤维和酚醛树脂复合，制备出了一种可用于烟气脱硫的活性炭纤维复合材料（ACFM），考察了制备工艺条件对脱硫性能和比表面积的影响，测试其在填充床的压降。结果表明：粘结剂用量、炭化及活化条件对样品的脱硫性能和比表面积有较大的影响；与其他活性炭材料相比ACFM压降相对较低，只有活性炭纤维的1／20。     

尿素基纤维的制备及对水中Cu2+和Cd2+的吸附

以棉纤维为原料，经氯化和取代反应，制得尿素基纤维并用于水中Cu^2＋和Cd^2＋的吸附，考察了各种因素对吸附效果的影响。尿素基纤维对Cu^2＋和Cd^2＋的吸附可用Langmuir等温吸附方程描述，吸附过程可看成单层吸附。较佳吸附条件：重金属离子溶液pH为5，流量为7mL／min。用过的尿素基纤维经2mol／L的盐酸洗脱再生后，对Cu^2＋的吸附、解吸、再吸附的性能良好，可重复使用。     

Chemical Treatments of Natural Fiber for Use in Natural Fiber-Reinforced Composites: A Review

Studies on the use of natural fibers as replacement to man-made fiber in fiber-reinforced composites have increased and opened up further industrial possibilities. Natural fibers have the advantages of low density, low cost, and biodegradability. However, the main disadvantages of natural fibers in composites are the poor compatibility between fiber and matrix and the relative high moisture sorption. Therefore, chemical treatments are considered in modifying the fiber surface properties. In this paper, the different chemical modifications on natural fibers for use in natural fiber-reinforced composites are reviewed. Chemical treatments including alkali, silane, acetylation, benzoylation, acrylation, maleated coupling agents, isocyanates, permanganate and others are discussed. The chemical treatment of fiber aimed at improving the adhesion between the fiber surface and the polymer matrix may not only modify the fiber surface but also increase fiber strength. Water absorption of composites is reduced and their mechanical properties are improved.     

用改性活性碳纤维去除CO2原料气中的H2S

采用固定床动态吸附实验，用改性活性碳纤维（ACF）吸附去除CO2原料气中的H2S。通过改变改性剂种类、反应温度和原料气中CO2浓度，找出用改性ACF去除CO2原料气中H2S的规律。实验结果表明：常温下，可用NaON改性的ACF来消除CO2的酸性对去除H2S的不利影响；随着反应温度的升高，CO2与ACF形成的C（O＊）中间产物增多，CO2的存在有利于改性ACF去除H2S；而当反应温度过高时，CO2与ACF形成的C（O＊）中间产物发生分解，导致ACF碳化，不利于H2S的吸附去除。     

石油化工装置污染源分析

对石油化工行业三大典型工艺,即炼油、乙烯和化纤的污染源产生情况及特性进行分析,找出不同装置废气、废水、固体废物等污染源产生的特点和共性,以利于石油化工项目的环境影响评价工作中污染源产生情况的准确分析和评价。     

中空纤维膜应用于烟气脱硫的现状与前景

本文介绍了中空纤维膜的基本情况,概述了中空纤维膜烟气脱硫技术的研究现状,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

气候条件变化对棉纤维品质的影响

对棉纤维品质试验的结果分析表明，其长度受气候条件的影响不明显，而比强度和麦克隆值则明显受气候条件的影响。从变异值分析，受气候影响大小顺序是：比强度〉发克隆值〉长度。影响比强度的气候因子主要是日均温、累积降水量和相对湿度，影响麦克隆值的气候因子主要是日均温和累积降水量或夜均温、累积降水量。并确定影响比强度的日均温最低临界值为24．5℃，最适值为26．1℃，铃期累积降水量的最高临界值为109．9mm，最适值为44．6mm，栩对湿度的最高临界值为77．7％，最适值为67．9％。麦克隆值适宜范围的日均温为20．5～24．8℃，累积降水量为108．2～308．2mm。长度适宜范围的最低温度为14．7～20．8℃，相对湿度为84．7％～89．5％。这些因子和指标的确定为建立棉纤维品质的定量模型奠定了基础。